Basically, short selling of stocks refers the selling of a stock not necessarily owned by the seller. To be more specific, it is the short sale of a security that the seller does not own but promises to deliver anyway. When you short sell a stock, you must have a broker who lends it to you. The stock may come from the brokerage firm’s own inventory, from another brokerage firm, or from one of your brokerage firm’s customers.
Once the shares are successfully sold, the earnings are credited to your account. Eventually, you would have to “close” the short. This is done by buying back the same number of shares and then returning them to your broker who lent you the stocks you sold. If the price of the stock is lower you make a profit because you could buy the stock back at a lower price. Short sellers lose money when the price of the stock rises because they have to buy it back at a higher price.
It is necessary to have a broker if your plan includes short selling stocks. In order to use a broker’s services, you will be required to establish an account with the brokerage firm as either a cash account or a margin account. With a cash account, you will be expected to pay for your stock at the time of the purchase. Alternatively, if you have set up a margin account with the broker, you are allowed to borrow a portion of the purchase money. The security itself will collateralize the transaction.
In reality, you do not own the stock that you are short selling as you borrowed it prior to selling it. So you must pay the official owner any dividends or rights declared while your sale is open. For example, should the stock splits two-for-one while you have the loan, you will owe the lender twice the number of shares than what you borrowed.
Now, short selling stock is not for novices as it involves a comprehension of the market and knowledge of the greater risk it entails. When you short a stock, there is theoretically no limit to the amount of money that you could lose. Contrast this to purchasing a stock in the normal fashion, where the maximum that you can lose is limited to whatever you paid for it. Many people do not recommend a short sale because inherent in the sale is your belief that the stock will not do well, which is a nonproductive effort.