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Federal Tax Returns

Mar 20

Posted by admin in Taxes

Congress first imposed the first federal income tax in 1862 to raise money for the Union in the Civil War. A 3% tax was fixed on incomes above $600. Those with incomes above $10,000 had to pay 5% in taxes.

After many changes and appeals, the states ratified the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which made possible modern income taxes. For the first time, Form 1040 appeared. People earning above $3,000 had to pay 1% tax on net personal incomes, and those with incomes above $500,000 had to pay 6% surtax.

Today more than two-thirds of the nation pays taxes. People earning less than $20,000 pay no income tax as a group. Payroll taxes for Social Security, Medicare and Unemployment Insurance amount to 7-10% of every dollar. Personal and corporate income taxes are major earners for federal taxes.

Income tax can be calculated in two ways. First of all gross income minus any applicable deductions is calculated, and on this a marginal tax percentage is applied as per the taxpayer?s income bracket. Then, applicable tax credits are subtracted, which gives the income tax owed.

Refundable tax credits are given if these calculations are in the negative or if the federal withholding tax is greater than the income tax that is actually owed. The taxpayer then gets a tax refund. He could receive one even without paying any federal income tax.

The newer Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is based on gross income. This was introduced to prevent people from using loopholes in the tax laws. It is calculated without taking into account certain tax preference items. It also has exemptions and deductions. This higher income base is taxed in two rate brackets of 26% and 28%; this depends on the taxpayer?s income. Unfortunately the addition of unrealized gain on incentive stock options made it difficult for people who could not come up with cash to pay tax on gains that weren?t realized. The modified AMT takes into account this problem.

American salaried people usually pay progressive income tax. Non-resident Americans have to pay taxes as per the flat rate. They also have fewer allowed deductions.

If you have all the documents, it is easy to file taxes yourself. However if you are in the higher tax bracket, you may need a consultant to help you. The IRS also helps in filing your returns; call the IRS customer service representatives toll-free at 1-800-829-1040.

The IRS website (www.irs.gov) gives you extensive information. You could also go to websites like About Taxes (www.abouttaxes.org), Complete Tax (www.completetax.com), or World Wide Web Tax (www.wwwebtax.com). Do keep in mind that a little bit of care in documentation goes a long way to filing a tax return without any ensuing problems!

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Other Taxpayers Have It Worse

Jul 28

Posted by admin in Taxes

U.S. taxpayers aren\’t the only ones to feel a bit of a crunch at tax time. In fact, we don\’t have it that bad.

You may not believe it after paying that huge tax bill in April, but the U.S. isn\’t the top of the income-tax list when compared to the rest of the world. A recent study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development compared the tax rates in 30 countries.

In Belgium, a single worker with the average income paid 42% of his income to the government in 2005. Twenty-eight percent went to income taxes and 14% went to Social Security, according to the study.

The German worker also paid a combination of income and Social Security that hit 42%. In Denmark, the average worker only pays 41%.

All tax rates were based on single workers with no children. They did not take into account what the employer pays in Social Security for the worker\’s behalf.

In the U.S., the average worker pays 24% to income tax and Social Security combined. The rate ranks the country 19th among the 30 listed.

Mexico came in at number 30, with 8% going to the combination of income taxes and Social Security taxes.

\”Countries differ in how much they decide to collect in taxes on people\’s income and how much tax they collect on when good are bought,\” explained Christopher Heady, head of OECD\’s tax policy and statistics division.

He points out that Mexico collects a very small amount of tax when compared to the other countries. But it collects most of its revenue on the sales of goods, not on labor. Belgium, on the other hand, doesn\’t charge much for sales tax, relying on labor income instead.

When all taxes were considered, including income, sales, business and others, Sweden was the top of the list. It tax revenues came in at about 50% of gross domestic product. Denmark and Belgium finished up the top three.

At the bottom of the list were Mexico, at number 30; Japan and Korea, tying for 29 and 28; and the U.S. at 27.

\”The U.S. is a comparatively low-tax country. I\’m sure the people filing tax returns recently wouldn\’t agree with that, but that\’s particularly because the U.S. collects a lot of its revenue from income tax and you don\’t have a value-added tax,\” Heady said.

Heady points out that high-tax countries do have benefits.

\”Most of those high-tax countries have universal health-care systems. That means you don\’t have to pay for your own health care or pay for insurance to cover your health,\” he explained. The countries \”usually have more generous state-provided retirement pensions than the U.S, so that people don\’t usually feel the need to buy a private pension. There\’s better provision of preschool education, and universities are cheaper. There are all sorts of public services that are provided at lower cost.\”

However, he points out in the U.S. \”the advantage is that you have more choice over how you spend your money, because you get more of it.\”

Martin Lukac (http://www.MartinLukac.com), represents http://www.RateEmpire.com and http://www.1AmericanFinancial.com, a finance web-company specializing in real estate/mortgage market. We specialize in daily updates, rate predictions, mortgage rates and more. Find low home loan mortgage interest rates from hundreds of mortgage companies!

Writen By : Martin Lukac

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How To Make Tax Time Less Painful

Jul 25

Posted by admin in Taxes

There are a few things that you can do throughout the year that may help you get through tax time with less stress. First, organize your documents and keep them organized throughout the year. Search the internet for free websites that give you organization suggestions. Some of them even have templates to help you put your tax records in order. Consider a good software program like Microsoft Money which has a 90-day free trial.

If you itemize your deductions, and you certainly should itemize if you are self-employed, keep all your receipts in an expandable folder that can be organized by month, alphabetically, or any way that you want to organize it. If you are ever audited, you will lose the deductions you claimed that cannot be verified by a receipt. If you make cash donations, IRS has a formula that calculates how much you can deduct, but, as with any other deduction, you must have a receipt in order to claim the deduction. Be sure your receipts have the name, date, address, amount, purpose, type, value, and any other information pertinent to the validity of the deduction.

Unless you are really knowledgeable in accounting and tax law, a good CPA is well worth the money. The tax laws are constantly changing, and the average person cannot keep up with the changes let alone understand them. Remember that you should always make the best use of your resources, and that includes using your talents for those things that you do well and outsourcing those things that someone else can do better.

There is no absolutely certain way to avoid an audit, but people say that certain things increase the likelihood of an audit. For example, make sure there are no math errors in your tax return. If there are inaccurate calculations, the IRS will have to take a second, more careful look at your return. Once IRS is looking more closely at your return, there may be red flags that could lead to an audit. It is best to do the math correctly so that IRS never has to take a closer look at your return.

There are blogs and websites for almost any topic, and doing a little research will help you be better educated and less stressed. Don?t forget that your local library has many book about income taxes and tax returns. You may also want to look into Turbo-Tax, Microsoft TaxSaver, or one of the other good tax software. Even if you hire a CPA, you will save yourself time and money by being well-prepared and by understanding the process.

IRS also has telephone help lines that can be really helpful. The IRS website at www.irs.gov is also very helpful and easy to use. It is alright to contact IRS and ask questions. You are not any more or less likely to be audited if you contact IRS and ask your questions. As previously stated, you are more likely to be audited if you make errors on your tax return. These are just a few basic suggestions that can help make tax-time less stressful for you.

Jo Ann Joy, Esq., MBA, CEO
Copyright 2006 Indigo Business Solutions. All rights reserved.

About the Author

Jo Ann Joy is the CEO and owner of Indigo Business Solutions, a legal and business consulting firm. Indigo Business Solutions is a ?one stop shop? for small businesses. We differ from other business consulting firms, because we offer comprehensive legal and business counseling. We can offer most of the professional services that a business requires. We work with our clients to develop strategies that create value and competitive advantage.

Jo Ann has a law degree, an MBA, and a degree in Economics, but she is not a traditional attorney. Rather, she is a strategic business attorney who works closely with clients to create and implement strategies that will greatly improve their performance and chance of success. Her background includes commercial and real estate law, accounting, financial planning, mortgages, marketing, product development, banking, and business strategies. She ran a successful business for 10 years, and she has written and given presentations on many different legal and business subjects.

You may contact Jo Ann by phone at (602) 663-7007, by fax at (602) 324-7582, by email at joannjoy@Indigo Business Solutions.net, and by mail at 2313 East Ocotillo Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85016. You may request free copies of her other Ezines or purchase her E-books on the website.

For more information about these and other important business topics and for legal consultation, please visit our website at http://www.IndigoBusinessSolutions.net

The future of your business starts here.

Writen By : Jo Ann Joy

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Why Do I Need A Property Tax Doctor?

Jul 23

Posted by admin in Taxes

Because homeowners who protest their assessments, with a knowledge of how the property tax assessment system works, often recieve $500 to $1000 tax deduction, if not more annually on their property tax bill. Simply stated the property tax bill is calculated by multiplying the homeowner\’s assessment times the local property tax rate and subtracting any tax deductions for which the homeowner is eligible.

The property tax doctor can show you how to lower your assessment and thereby reduced your property tax bill! The property tax doctor is a former tax assessor who knows first hand how difficult it is for the average person to penetrate the tax assessor\’s bureaucratic jungle comprised of arcane terms and practices. No government document does this for the homeowners.

Just like going to a medical doctor\’s office the first thing that you need to do is to gather the necessary information with which to do the paperwork. The primary sources for that information is the homeowner\’s property record card obtained at the assessor\’s office and comparable home sales. Most homeowners armed with one or both of these information items get their assessment reduced the majority of the time without going beyond their local tax assessor\’s office.

Just as you ask your medical doctor informed questions to get some pain relief, so also you must ask your tax assessor (with the help of the property tax doctor) some informed questions in order to win some property tax relief. The best advice the property tax doctor can offer is to go to your local tax assessor\’s office and check your property record card for mistakes of fact! Clerical errors and plain mistakes do occur during the valuation process. Here is a partial list of common mistakes you should check up on.

1. The dimensions of your home or the dimensions of your land are wrong.

2. Failure to note depreciation on adverse-onsite conditions or no depreciation or minimal deprecation shown for an older home.

3. The dimensions of your land are wrong.

4. Check all computations, whether or not you understand where the factors came from.

5. Failure to note depreciating off-site influences — a factory or landfill producing toxic fumes.

6. The quality of improvements are wrong — you have a stone not a macadam driveway, or — you have the low priced whirlpool tub not the big name expensive whirlpool tub.

7 Finished areas are listed incorrectly — basement is shown as finished and it is not.

8. The age of the home is listed incorrectly or the number of stories is wrong.

My father would not let the local tax assessor, who was also his best friend, go past the kitchen table at our farmhouse. My father was afraid he would see certain interior home improvements and he would increase our assessment. My father mistakenly believed that improvements he had made inside the farmhouse like a new bathroom sink, plaster repairs, wallpapering, new ceilings, new light fixtures would add to our assessed value. Likewise he put off making outside repairs until after the next revaluation because of fear of an increased assessment. Surprisingly, he was wrong. Outside repairs like roof replacement, repairing masonry, repair of porch, steps, stairs, etc. do not increase the homeowner\’s assessment. Neither does replacing garage doors, or sheds, sidewalks, etc

Often establishing the proper combined property value for your home and the land under it is the key to your property tax appeal. To win your appeal the homeowner must establish his or her property\’s value at a level lower than the one the assessor used.

To establish market value the homeowner can go to the web site http://www.zillow.com to get a rough estimate of the value of his home. The site uses some basic variables like square footage, number of baths, acreage and number of bedrooms to calculate a market value for the home based on a formula that is driven by other home sales in the neighborhood. Where zillow has the sales data this is a good first step to see if your home is assessed way too high.

In years after the revaluation year the homeowner should find out what the assessment to sales ratio for his or her taxing district is in New Jersey. This ratio is announced each year and is available from the local tax assessor\’s office. It represents the average at which the assessed value for all properties that sold in the past year was compared to their sales value in the municipality. Why is it important? It may provides a key factor in proving that you have received an unequal assessment and are entitled to file a discrimination challenge to your property assessment to win a tax reduction.

An unequal assessment is one made at a higher proportion of market value than an average of the other parcels on the roll. A year or so after a revaluation housing inflation often makes the assessment your tax assessor placed on your home look low compared to sales prices of comparable sold homes in your neighborhood. But watch out!

A low assessment to sale ratio in a municipality can fool some taxpayers into thinking that they are being assessed below market value and are therefore getting a break. However, if all assessments are set below market value then the tax rate must be increased in order to collect the necessary amount of tax revenue. The same amount of tax is collected, but the taxpayers are fooled into thinking they\’ve gotten a break and do not search for malassessments.

Now, do not forget that the assessment to sales ratio (or common level ratio) is a key factor in getting you property tax relief. Let me explain. An important test for fairness of your assessment is not just its relationship to market value. It is also whether or not it is fair in relation to assessments on other properties in your town. For example, if you have a home with a market value of $800,000, but it is assessed at $600,000, you may think you are getting off cheaply. However, if your neighbor\’s house which is comparable to yours is assessed at only $200,000, you are paying three times as much real property tax as you should!

When your property is under appeal the County Board of Taxation can adjust your home\’s value to the common level. The taxpayer should know the average ratio in the municipality where the property under appeal is located before filing a tax appeal. Remember the ratio changes annually on October 1, for use in the subsequent tax year. Also, remember this adjustment to the common level is not used in the year of revaluation or reassessment when all properties have been brought to 100% of market value.

Once the County Tax Board determines the true market value of a property they are required to automatically compare that true market value to its assessment value. If the ratio of the assessment to the true value exceeds the average ratio by 15%, then the assessment is automatically reduced to the common level. The homeowner gets his property tax relief. But watch out! If the assessment to true value ratio falls below the common level, the County Tax Board is obligated to increase the assessment to the common level. The homeowner would then get his property tax increased. If the assessment falls within the common level range no adjustment is made.

Each year on October 1 of the pre-tax year the assessor establishes a value for each of the properties in the municipality for the following tax year. The annual assessment value is considered tentative during the period of public inspection of the new tax list from January 1 to January 10th. The purposes of the inspection period is to enable the taxpayer to ascertain what assessments have been made against him or her and to confer informally with the assessor as to the correctness of the assessments.

At this point your approach can be informal and will not require a formal, written appeal. Taxpayers have an opportunity only once each year to file a formal property tax appeal. Get your tax form for property tax appeal purposes from your County Board of Taxation web site. Generally, it must be received by the County Board of Taxation on or before April 1 of the tax year. If the taxpayer misses the deadline for filing a formal appeal the taxpayer must wait until the following year to make a challenge for any tax relief.

The Property Tax Doctor can help the average homeowner win his rightful property tax relief. Under the common level adjustment, described above, the New Jersey\’s statutory standard for an acceptable property tax assessment margin of error in its calculation is 15%. In New Jersey where the average homeowner in 2006 paid about $5,000 per year in property taxes that amounts to an acceptable error of $750 in the propertytax bill. If we administered our Federal Tax bill with that 15% margin of error we would have a taxpayer revolt.

Gerald Dowgin ? 2006

About the Author:

Gerald Dowgin (The Property Tax Doctor) is the author of Homeowner\’s Assessment Review Guide and has worked in the field of public finance at the State and local levels in New Jersey for more than three decades.
He has served as the Property Tax Assessor in 2 N.J. municipalities. He worked for the Division of Taxation principally on local property tax issues. Then he joined the (OLS) Office of Legislative Services and served as the Secretary to the N.J. Property Tax Assessment Study Commission for four years.

While working for the OLS a couple of his accomplishments include researching, drafting, and estimating the cost of such complex legislation that became law as the Senior Property Tax Freeze Bill and legislation that virtually stopped the tax assessment practice of \”Spot Assessments\” in New Jersey that had for years treated many property taxpayers unfairly. My web site will save you money on your next Property tax deduction by guiding the homeowner as to why, when and how to review his or Tax Assessment.

Writen By : Gerald Dowgin

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Small Businesses Filing Amended Federal Tax Returns To Recover Money

Jul 3

Posted by admin in Taxes

Small Businesses Filing Amended Federal Tax Returns to Recover Money

By Darren Oliver

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April 15th may be gone but, but certainly not forgotten ? especially if you, like millions of small businesses, unknowingly overpaid your federal taxes and can recover money by filing an amended return.

According to the IRS tax code, you have three years from the filing date for the tax year in question to file an amended return. For example, if returns for the 2003 tax year were filed on March 1, 2004, the taxpayer has until March 1, 2007 to file an amended return. This same rule also applies if the taxpayer feels they have made errors resulting in a balance.

Most business owners either prepare their business taxes themselves or have a tax preparer or accountant do them. With either method, the tax liability can be calculated as higher than it actually is because of missed deductions, unrecognized changes in tax laws or just plain being given bad advice.

There are a number of applicable deductions which many tax preparers often miss from home office deductions to self-employed health insurance to personal assets converted to business use. Although some deductions may seem minor, over an entire year, they can add up to thousands of dollars.

Another area, which causes many businesses to overpay, is being given incorrect advice by their tax preparer or even the IRS directly. In a poll performed by Money Magazine, the average tax preparer produces an average of 480 returns between February 1 and April 15, making it difficult for each return to get the time and attention it deserves. This same poll also found there was an average discrepancy of 300% between what the tax preparers said was due and what was actually due.

Furthermore, in the IRS?s 2001 assessment of their own call centers, they found that 50% of the time, their representatives gave incorrect or insufficient advice. Whether a business owner does their taxes themselves and had to call the IRS for clarification on an issue or a CPA did, odds are the answer was not correct.

The United States tax law is one of the most complex in the world. Not to mention, tax laws change every year and have changed tremendously in the last couple of years. Even the best tax preparer, CPA or even IRS representative can, like all humans do, easily make a mistake.

In 2002 alone, 3.3 million taxpayers filed an amended return. Samuel Rowley, owner of Muffler Masters in Colorado, was able to recover $14,500 through the filing of an amended return when it was found that he overpaid FICA and payroll taxes. Another small business owner, Karen McClafflin, owner of home-based Secret Canyon Realty, was able to recover $11,000 when her tax preparer failed to include home office and automobile deductions in her past returns.

Why is it that when faced with a life-threatening surgery a second opinion is immediately sought after but, when trusting thousands or millions of dollars to an individual or entity, it?s done without question? Businesses must get a second opinion, whether it is done before or after the return is filed, to ensure they are not overpaying or simply to ensure their returns are accurate in all aspects. If not, they could be leaving thousands of dollars on the table.

Darren Oliver is the Chairman and COO of TRS. Through their network of sales partners and franchisees, TRS is dedicated to recovering overpaid taxes for small businesses. This commitment has resulted in an average $8,000 recovery for qualified reviews. For more information, visit www.trs-esp.com or call (800) 714-3504.< ?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" />

Writen By : Darren Oliver

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How Home-Based Businesses Can Avoid Giving Uncle Sam More Than His Share

Jul 3

Posted by admin in Taxes

How Home-Based Businesses Can Avoid Giving Uncle Sam More than His Share

By Darren Oliver

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With the rush to file your taxes by April 15th, you probably did not consider the possibility that you overpaid. According to the General Accounting Office, in 1998 alone, there was $311 million paid unnecessarily to the IRS. Do not count on the IRS to tell you if you have overpaid because they are not required to but you can file an amended return for up to three years.

Chances are, you either prepare your business taxes yourself or have your tax preparer or CPA does them. There a number of issues surrounding either tax preparation method, which can result in your tax liability being calculated as higher than it actually is including missed deductions, numerous changes in tax laws or being given incorrect advice.

As a home-based business professional, there are a number of deductions you are entitled to which many tax preparers often miss. For example, if you run a home office you are entitled to deduct expenses for the percentage of square footage the home office is occupying. Expenses include the combined total of mortgage interest, property taxes, utilities, repairs, etc. For example, if 250 square feet of a 1,000 square foot house is being used for a home office, you are entitled to deduct a quarter of your total expenses.

Although some deductions may seem minor, over an entire year, they can add up to thousands of dollars that you are unnecessarily paying the IRS. That is money that you could be using to grow your business.

Karen McClafflin, owner of home-based Secret Canyon Realty in Colorado Springs, CO, was able to recover $11,000 when her tax preparer failed to include home office and automobile deductions in her past returns.

Another area, which causes many business owners to overpay, is being given incorrect advice by their CPA, tax preparer or even the IRS directly. In a poll performed by Money Magazine, the average tax preparer, prepares an average of 480 returns between February 1st and April 15th, that is a lot of returns in a relatively short amount of time which makes it difficult for your return to get the time and attention it deserves. This same poll also found there was an average discrepancy of 300% between what the tax preparers said was due and what was actually due. Moreover, in a poll of 50 professional tax preparers, consisting of 10 basic tax questions, none answered all 10 questions correctly and only 34 got at least half correct.

This problem does not extend to just tax preparers or CPA?s. In the IRS?s 2001 assessment of their own 544 call centers, they found that 50% of the time, their representatives gave incorrect or insufficient advice. Whether you do your taxes yourself and had to call the IRS for clarification on an issue or your CPA did, odds are the answer was not accurate.

The United States tax law is one of the most complex in the world. Not to mention, tax laws change every year and have changed tremendously in the last couple of years. Even the best tax preparer, CPA or even IRS representative can easily make a mistake or, forget to use an exemption which could reduce your tax liability.

If you have not yet filed your taxes, it is a good idea to get a second opinion from an independent source. The extra money and time spent in doing this could save you thousands. Look for someone or a company who:

? Has sufficient years preparing home-based business tax returns

? Prepares less than the average number of returns between January and April so that your return gets sufficient time and attention.

? Have had clients get a second opinion. In addition, talk to those clients to get there first hand insight.

? Is willing to pay for a second review of your tax returns to ensure accuracy.

? Is willing to take MSN?s online Tax IQ Test at http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/calcs/n_taxq/main.asp. Although designed for consumers, this test contains basic tax information that even junior level tax preparers should know.

Just as you trust a surgeon with your life, you trust this individual or company with your money and confidential information. Be highly selective and do not be afraid to put them through a rigorous qualification. If they are not willing to participate in your qualification then either they do not know their stuff or, your business is not that important to them.

If you already filed your taxes or think you might have missed out on deductions, have been given bad advice or failed to take advantage of a tax law change which could reduce your liability for previous tax years, what can you do? The good news is that by law, the IRS is required, for up to three years, to review your returns and records as many times as needed to find errors. You have the same three years to get a second opinion and file an amended return. In fact, in 2002, 3.3 million taxpayers filed an amended return.

Samuel Rowley, owner of Muffler Masters in Colorado Springs, was able to recover $14,500 through the filing of an amended return when it was found that he overpaid FICA and payroll taxes.

You may worry that an amended return will trigger an audit however; the IRS itself admits this is not the case. In 2002 alone, 3.3 million taxpayers filed an amended return. The IRS is not the big, bad agency we used to know. In fact, statistics show that audits are down and continue to decline.

Businesses throughout the U.S. overpay their taxes to the tune of billions each year and your money could be part of the billions that is overpaid. When it comes to your taxes, always get a second opinion to ensure you are not paying more than you should and, you can even hit pay dirt by looking back.

Darren Oliver is the Chairman and COO of Tax Recovery Systems (TRS) which he founded in 1995. Through their network of sales partners and franchisees, TRS is dedicated to recovering overpaid taxes for home-based and small to medium sized businesses all over the U.S. This commitment has resulted in an average $8,000 recovery for over 60% of qualified reviews. For more information, visit www.trs-esp.com or call (800) 714-3504.< ?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" />

Writen By : Darren Oliver

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